Dr-Lokku: Recent Topics

ranga0007 on "VIRAL FEVER"

ranga0007 — Fri, 23 Jul 2010 07:52:24 +0000

<h2>Wat are the common viruses causin Fever ???</h2> This is a age old qn to all >>> May be they have different names and different reasons to affect the induviduals but the syptoms are as whole the same >>>>> Here they are I: dsDNA viruses (e.g. Adenoviruses, Herpesviruses, Poxviruses) II: ssDNA viruses (+)sense DNA (e.g. Parvoviruses) III: dsRNA viruses (e.g. Reoviruses) IV: (+)ssRNA viruses (+)sense RNA (e.g. Picornaviruses, Togaviruses) V: (−)ssRNA viruses (−)sense RNA (e.g. Orthomyxoviruses, Rhabdoviruses) VI: ssRNA-RT viruses (+)sense RNA with DNA intermediate in life-cycle (e.g. Retroviruses) VII: dsDNA-RT viruses (e.g. Hepadnaviruses) Almost all viruses are the Viruses are have a tendency to cause a fever and the most common one is the Adenoviruses ...............there is a frequent history of presentation accordin to the cases i ve seen all are having the same type of presentation like symptoms according to time >>> 1.cough / cold / badd throat /even tooth pain sometimes 2.headche / body ache / joint pain / muscle pain 3.fever spells mostly every four hours or six hrs 4.loss of appetite / loss of taste / lack of concentration 5.reduced urine output and reduced stools 6.>>>sorry if i have missed the xtras ..>>> and sorry to say that i have missed a lot to say abt the ..................Examples of common human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, influenza, chickenpox and cold sores. Many serious diseases such as ebola, AIDS, avian influenza and SARS are caused by viruses. The relative ability of viruses to cause disease is described in terms of virulence. Other diseases are under investigation as to whether they too have a virus as the causative agent, such as the possible connection between human herpes virus six (HHV6) and neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome. <h2>What do you mean by Viral fever ??</h2> In medical terms, any fever caused as a result of viral infection is a viral fever. However, colloquially, the term 'viral fever' has come to mean a special type of fever that develops and then gets treated without the offending virus being specifically identified. The course and duration of the fever too does not seem to follow any set pattern and is frequently accompanied by, though not always by all of them, generalised bodyache, running nose, cough, shivering, feeling miserable, irritable and depressed. <h2>Hw long does is last ?</h2> Normally between 3 to 7 days with the former being termed as the 'three day fever' and the latter as the 'seven day fever'. <h2>Wat shud we do ??</h2> We shud Not DO anything other than Going to a doc >>>.....There is only one way when ur not able to reach a doctor ......u can have Paracetomol 650 mg tabs 6 hrs ie four times a day or u can also take a local cough expectorant and a cetrizine and also a Painkiller if it hurts worst ....u can take also take a antihistamine like chlorophenaramine for a Better Sleep ( there may be sleep cycle changes due to increased pain durin the night .... so pepl too work can do this . <h2>Wat are the indications for special patients ??</h2> <h3>For cases with diabetes</h3> there is a lot of problems like 1> U have to check the Sugar like shud maintain at max to 250mg/dl or also thud maintain min at 100mg/dl bcoz........... Sugar increases with high temprature and also with increased cortisol levels ....so maintain it wit a slight higher level (100) 2> Since diabetic cases may have a higher sugar levels....the cases on insulin shud proper care....plz dont change ur level until ur doc advices and also plz dont listen to ur relatives who are medical students are even docs ...bcoz ur doc knows u better... 3> Diabetic cases also have a high chance of DKA during high temperatures....and the most cases are Type 1 insulin dependant and less cases on Type 2 and there is also a reasonable amnt of cases with type 2 on insulin .....so when u have a severe stoamch pain orelse ur having severe fatigueness with dysnea or ur having a sudden fruity odor in ur breath first call the doc and next is rest .......it can be fatal <h3>For cases on steroids</h3> 1> They may have high levels of platelets with cases on steroids and there is a good chance that they can mimic the features of antibiotics ....or they mask the characteristics of a fever for eg like a rash disappears makin it tuff for a doc ...but mostly it goes on well .......but there are devastating effects of steroids bcoz they decrease the immune system ... 2>Steroids also have chance of increasin the platelet levels ...and cases on longterm therapy can have a thrombus meanin a clot ....anywwhere ......in the leg vessels ( deep vein thrombosis ) ......in the heart vessels (heart attack ) ......in the brain ( stroke ) so its really very very dangerous .........so u need to take a aspirin which stops the clotting ...so u need to take it under ur doc's advice ..... <h3>For HIV cases and Hepatitis B, C,</h3> Life threatning conditn, shud check the levels ok the viral load may be due to the same virus and present as a normal Virus Infn ....i advice all docs, medical students, and medical staffs to have a yearly check up for HIV and Hep B ....y risk when u know ur under risk .....But for now cases have shown good results with new medicine regimens for HIV and Hep B ......better be safe ( always hehehehe :-)) <h3>For thyroid cases</h3> Its safe for u guys ....no probs but hypothyroid ones .....plz take ur morning pill...... <h2>How do i Confirm ???</h2> The diagnosis and management of viral fevers is based more on the clinical presentation than by laboratory investigations. Since these infections are commonly self-limited, investigations are unnecessary. The diagnosis is made by the typical history of fever with severe muscle and joint pains. Skin rash and lymph gland swellings have to be specifically looked for. Laboratory investigations are undertaken to rule out other bacterial infections rather than to confirm viral fever. Blood tests will not show any increase in the white blood cells, which typically occurs with bacterial infections. The numbers of lymphocytes may be increased. The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is not elevated. Confirmation is by culture of virus from the relevant specimens such as nasal swabs, and skin rash or by increase in antibody levels in serial blood samples. <h2>PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CARE</h2> Vaccines are a major problem....When u get them they are not preserved well, When u Preserve them well they are not reachable and when u preserve them well and reachable then they are not administered well(lack of xperience ) ........at last when everything goes on well there is a new mutant that is resistant to the vaccines .........So they are not the only solution u have to look forward for maintaining ur own health .....health is wealth ...so dont think abt the wealth ur spending on Vaccines think abt the wealth ur gonna gt from good health ........There are other ways u can prevent not only viral manyother infections from the body is focussin cleanliness on the society and urself .....I think shud make a comment on Cleanlisness.....When us sick ( not sikh) ......Avoid going to office when ur sick ....Avoid travelling in a congested train or bus or even car.......Avoid close contacts with family memebers who can infect u ..........i think there will something more on cleanliness <h2>With Regards Dr.Lokku</h2>

Anonymous on "Tips for Practice"

Anonymous — Thu, 01 Jan 1970 06:59:59 +0000

pinastro on "testing the home page"

pinastro — Wed, 15 Jul 2009 16:26:20 +0000

home page testing

Anonymous on "Tips for Practice"

Anonymous — Thu, 01 Jan 1970 06:59:59 +0000

mydummyprofile on "What am I suffering from ?"

mydummyprofile — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 06:33:43 +0000

I have moved to a new city and I saw few strange things on my scortal sacs. I am afraid what is this.Can anyone tell me what am i suffering from.Is it just a heat prickle ??

ranga0007 on "Cholelithiasis - Gall Stones"

ranga0007 — Thu, 30 Jul 2009 17:33:25 +0000

<h3>What are gallstones?</h3> <img src="http://http://images.medicinenet.com/images/illustrations/gallstones.jpg"> Liver stones are called Gallsones ...mostly in the Gall bladder and hence the name. Gallstones usually form in the gallbladder; however, they also may form anywhere there is bile; in the intrahepatic, hepatic, common bile, and cystic ducts. Gallstones also may move about within bile, for example, from the gallbladder into the cystic or common duct. <h3>Types of Gall stones and its causes ..</h3> Cholesterol gallstones 1)Cholesterol gallstones are made primarily of cholesterol. They are the most common type of gallstone, comprising 80% of gallstones in individuals from Europe and the Americas. Cholesterol is one of the substances that liver cells secrete into bile. (Secretion of cholesterol into bile is an important way in which the liver eliminates excess cholesterol from the body.) In order for bile to carry cholesterol, the cholesterol must be dissolved in the bile. Cholesterol is a fat, however, and bile is an aqueous or watery solution; fats do not dissolve in watery solutions. In order to make the cholesterol dissolve in bile, the liver also secretes two detergents-bile acids and lecithin-into the bile. These detergents, just like dish-washing detergents, dissolve the fatty cholesterol so that it can be carried by bile through the ducts. If the liver secretes too much cholesterol for the amount of bile acids and lecithin it secretes, some of the cholesterol does not dissolve. Similarly, if the liver does not secrete enough bile acids and lecithin, some of the cholesterol also does not dissolve. In either case, the undissolved cholesterol sticks together and forms particles of cholesterol that grow in size and eventually form larger gallstones. There are two other processes that promote the formation of cholesterol gallstones though neither process is able to cause cholesterol gallstones by itself. The first is abnormally rapid formation and growth of cholesterol particles into gallstones. Thus, with the same concentrations of cholesterol, bile acids and lecithin in their bile, patients with gallstones form particles of cholesterol more rapidly than individuals without gallstones. The second process that promotes the formation and growth of gallstones is reduced contraction and emptying of the gallbladder that allows bile to sit in the gallbladder longer so that there is more time for cholesterol particles to form and grow. 2)Pigment gallstones Pigment gallstones are the second most common type of gallstone. Although pigment gallstones comprise only 15% of gallstones in individuals from Europe and the Americas, they are more common than cholesterol gallstones in Southeast Asia. There are two types of pigment gallstones 1) black pigment gallstones, and 2) brown pigment gallstones. Pigment is a waste product formed from hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying chemical in red blood cells. The hemoglobin from old red blood cells that are being destroyed is changed into a chemical called bilirubin and released into the blood. Bilirubin is removed from the blood by the liver. The liver modifies the bilirubin and secretes the modified bilirubin or into bile. 3)Others: types of gallstones. Other types of gallstones are rare. Perhaps the most interesting type of gallstone is the gallstone that forms in patients taking the antibiotic, ceftriaxone (Rocephin). Ceftriaxone is unusual in that it is eliminated from the body in bile in high concentrations. It combines with calcium in bile and becomes insoluble. Like cholesterol and pigment, the insoluble ceftriaxone and calcium form particles that grow into gallstones. Fortunately, most of these gallstones disappear once the antibiotic is discontinued; however, they still may cause problems until they disappear. Another rare type of gallstone is formed from calcium carbonate. <h3>Who is at risk for gallstones?</h3> 1. Gender. Gallstones form more commonly in women than men. 2. Age. Gallstone prevalence increases with age. 3. Obesity. Obese individuals are more likely to form gallstones than thin individuals. 4. Pregnancy. Women who have been pregnant are more likely to form gallstones than women who have not been pregnant. Pregnancy increases the risk for cholesterol gallstones because during pregnancy, bile contains more cholesterol, and the gallbladder does not contract normally. 5. Birth control pills and hormone therapy The increased levels of hormones caused by either treatment mimics pregnancy. 6. Rapid weight loss. Rapid weight loss by whatever means, very low calorie diets or obesity surgery, causes cholesterol gallstones in up to 50% of individuals. Many of the gallstones will disappear after the weight is lost, but many do not. Moreover, until they are gone, they may cause problems. 7. Crohn's disease. Individuals with Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum are more likely to develop gallstones. Gallstones form because patients with Crohn's disease lack enough bile acids to solubilize the cholesterol in bile. Normally, bile acids that enter the small intestine from the liver and gallbladder are absorbed back into the body in the terminal ileum and are secreted again by the liver into bile. In other words, the bile acids recycle. In Crohn's disease, the terminal ileum is diseased. Bile acids are not absorbed normally, the body becomes depleted of bile acids, and less bile acids are secreted in bile. There are not enough bile acids to keep cholesterol dissolved in bile, and gallstones form. 8. Increased blood triglycerides. Gallstones occur more frequently in individuals with elevated blood triglyceride levels. <h3> What are the symptoms of gallstones?</h3> * dyspepsia (including abdominal bloating and discomfort after eating), * intolerance to fatty foods, * belching, and * flatulence (passing gas or farting). * Biliary Colic <h3> What is Biliary Colic???</h3> The most common symptom of gallstones is biliary colic. Biliary colic is a very specific type of pain, occurring as the primary or only symptom in 80% of people with gallstones who develop symptoms. Biliary colic occurs when the extrahepatic ducts-cystic, hepatic or common bile-are suddenly blocked by a gallstone. (Slowly-progressing obstruction, as from a tumor, does not cause biliary colic.) Behind the obstruction, fluid accumulates and distends the ducts and gallbladder. In the case of hepatic or common bile duct obstruction, this is due to continued secretion of bile by the liver. In the case of cystic duct obstruction, the wall of the gallbladder secretes fluid into the gallbladder. It is the distention of the ducts or gallbladder that causes biliary colic. <h3> Characteristics of Biliary colic????</h3> * It is a constant pain, it does not come and go, though it may vary in intensity while it is present. * It lasts for 15 minutes to 4-5 hours. If the pain lasts more than 4-5 hours, it means that a complication - usually cholecystitis - has developed. * The pain usually is severe, but movement does not make the pain worse. In fact, patients experiencing biliary colic often walk about or writhe (twist the body in different positions) in bed trying to find a comfortable position. * Biliary colic often is accompanied by nausea. * Most commonly, biliary colic is felt in the middle of the upper abdomen just below the sternum. * The second most common location for pain is the right upper abdomen just below the margin of the ribs. * Occasionally, the pain also may be felt in the back at the lower tip of the scapula on the right side. * On rare occasions, the pain may be felt beneath the sternum and be mistaken for angina or a heart attack. * An episode of biliary colic subsides gradually once the gallstone shifts within the duct so that it is no longer obstructing. <h3>What are the complications of gallstones?</h3> 1)Cholecystitis - Cholecystitis means inflammation of the gallbladder. 2)Cholangitis - condition in which bile in the common, hepatic, and intrahepatic ducts becomes infected. 3)Gangrene- condition in which the inflammation of cholecystitis cuts off the supply of blood to the gallbladder. 4)Jaundice - condition in which bilirubin accumulates in the body. 5)Pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas. 6)Sepsis - condition in which bacteria from any source within the body, including the gallbladder or bile ducts, get into the blood stream and spread throughout the body. 7) A fistula - an abnormal tract through which fluid can flow between two hollow organs or between an abscess and a hollow organ or skin. 8) Ileus - condition in which there is an obstruction of flow of digesting food, gas, and liquid within the intestine. 9)Cancer of the gallbladder almost always is associated with gallstones, but it is not clear which comes first, that is, whether the gallstones precede the cancer and, therefore, could potentially be the cause of the cancer

ranga0007 on "Thyroid Anatomy"

ranga0007 — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 06:26:35 +0000

The thyroid is a brownish-red and highly vascular gland located anteriorly in the lower neck, extending from the level of the fifth cervical vertebra down to the first thoracic. The gland varies from an H to a U shape and is formed by 2 elongated lateral lobes with superior and inferior poles connected by a median isthmus (with an average height of 12-15 mm) overlying the second to fourth tracheal rings. The isthmus is encountered during routine tracheotomy and must be retracted (superiorly or inferiorly) or divided. Occasionally, the isthmus is absent, and the gland exists as 2 distinct lobes. Each lobe is 50-60 mm long, with the superior poles diverging laterally at the level of the oblique lines on the laminae of the thyroid cartilage. The lower poles diverge laterally at the level of the fifth tracheal cartilage. Thyroid weight varies but averages 25-30 g in adults (slightly heavier in women). The gland enlarges during menstruation and pregnancy. A conical pyramidal lobe often ascends from the isthmus or the adjacent part of either lobe (more often the left) toward the hyoid bone, to which it may be attached by a fibrous or fibromuscular band, the levator of the thyroid gland. Remnants of the thyroglossal duct may persist as accessory nodules or cysts of thyroid tissue between the isthmus and the foramen caecum of the tongue base. The development of the thyroid is beyond the scope of this article but is discussed elsewhere in this journal. Usually, 2 pairs of parathyroid glands lie in proximity to the thyroid gland. Anatomy and development of these glands are also discussed in the eMedicine article Embryology of the Thyroid and Parathyroids.

pinastro on "Interesting Dermatology Reads for Doctors"

pinastro — Sun, 07 Jun 2009 06:23:12 +0000

<h2><a href="http://www.doctorslounge.com/dermatology/forums/archive.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.doctorslounge.com/dermatology/forums/archive.htm</a></h2> I just found this amazing discussion forum for doctors on DERMATOLOGY

ranga0007 on "Colon Cancer .."

ranga0007 — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 20:30:06 +0000

<h3>What is cancer?</h3> Cancer is a group of more than 100 different diseases. They affect the body's basic unit, the cell. Cancer occurs when cells become abnormal and divide without control or order. Like all other organs of the body, the colon and rectum are made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells divide to produce more cells only when the body needs them. This orderly process helps keep us healthy. <h3> What is cancer of the colon and rectum?</h3> The colon is the part of the digestive system where the waste material is stored. The rectum is the end of the colon adjacent to the anus. Together, they form a long, muscular tube called the large intestine (also known as the large bowel). Tumors of the colon and rectum are growths arising from the inner wall of the large intestine. Benign tumors of the large intestine are called polyps. Malignant tumors of the large intestine are called cancers. Benign polyps do not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. Benign polyps can be easily removed during colonoscopy and are not life-threatening. If benign polyps are not removed from the large intestine, they can become malignant (cancerous) over time. Most of the cancers of the large intestine are believed to have developed from polyps. Cancer of the colon and rectum (also referred to as colorectal cancer) can invade and damage adjacent tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also break away and spread to other parts of the body (such as liver and lung) where new tumors form. The spread of colon cancer to distant organs is called metastasis of the colon cancer. Once metastasis has occurred in colorectal cancer, a complete cure of the cancer is unlikely. <li><a href="http://images.medicinenet.com/images/ILLUSTRATIONS/colon_cancer.jpg" rel="nofollow">http://images.medicinenet.com/images/ILLUSTRATIONS/colon_cancer.jpg</a></li> <h3>Distribution </h3> Globally, cancer of the colon and rectum is the third leading cause of cancer in males and the fourth leading cause of cancer in females. The frequency of colorectal cancer varies around the world. It is common in the Western world and is rare in Asia and Africa. In countries where the people have adopted western diets, the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing. <h3>What are the causes of colon cancer?</h3> Doctors are certain that colorectal cancer is not contagious (a person cannot catch the disease from a cancer patient). Some people are more likely to develop colorectal cancer than others. Factors that increase a person's risk of colorectal cancer include high fat intake, a family history of colorectal cancer and polyps, the presence of polyps in the large intestine, and chronic ulcerative colitis. <h3> What are the symptoms of colon cancer?</h3> Symptoms of colon cancer are numerous and nonspecific. They include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, change in bowel habits, narrow stools, diarrhea or constipation, red or dark blood in stool, weight loss, abdominal pain, cramps, or bloating. Other conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon), ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, diverticulosis, and peptic ulcer disease can have symptoms that mimic colorectal cancer. For more information on these conditions, please read the following articles: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's Disease, Diverticulosis, and Peptic Ulcer Disease. Colon cancer can be present for several years before symptoms develop. Symptoms vary according to where in the large bowel the tumor is located. The right colon is spacious, and cancers of the right colon can grow to large sizes before they cause any abdominal symptoms. Typically, right-sided cancers cause iron deficiency anemia due to the slow loss of blood over a long period of time. Iron deficiency anemia causes fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. The left colon is narrower than the right colon. Therefore, cancers of the left colon are more likely to cause partial or complete bowel obstruction. Cancers causing partial bowel obstruction can cause symptoms of constipation, narrowed stool, diarrhea, abdominal pains, cramps, and bloating. Bright red blood in the stool may also indicate a growth near the end of the left colon or rectum <h3> What tests can be done to detect colon cancer?</h3> Barium Enema Lower GI Colonoscopy USG ( to see metastasis to Lungs and Liver ) Chest Xray (Lungs and Liver) CAT Scan (Lungs ,Liver and Abdomen) CEA Carcino Embryonic Antigen <h3>Prevention is Better than Cure</h3> Unfortunately, colon cancers can be well advanced before they are detected. The most effective prevention of colon cancer is early detection and removal of precancerous colon polyps before they turn cancerous. Even in cases where cancer has already developed, early detection still significantly improves the chances of a cure by surgically removing the cancer before the disease spreads to other organs. Multiple world health organizations have suggested general screening guidelines. <h3>Treatment </h3> Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Surgery is the best treatment <h3> What does the future hold for patients with colorectal cancer? </h3> Colon cancer remains a major cause of death and disease, especially in the western world. A clear understanding of the causes and course of the disease is emerging. This has allowed for recommendations regarding screening for and prevention of this disease. The removal of colon polyps helps prevent colon cancer. Early detection of colon cancer can improve the chances of a cure and overall survival. Treatment remains unsatisfactory for advanced disease, but research in this area remains strong and newer treatments continue to emerge. New and exciting preventive measures have recently focused on the possible beneficial effects of aspirin or other anti-inflammatory agents. In trials, the use of these agents has markedly limited colon cancer formation in several experimental models. Other agents being evaluated to prevent colon cancer include calcium, selenium, and vitamins A, C, and E. More studies are needed before these agents can be recommended for widespread use by the public to prevent colon cancer. <h3>Regards Dr-Lokku</h3>

ranga0007 on "Lip Augmentation"

ranga0007 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 19:07:00 +0000

<h2>History </h2> Full lips with an accentuated border have often been associated with beauty and youth. It has been suggested that this is because the lips occupy both sides of the face and, with the smile, constitute a major focal point of overall facial beauty.[citation needed] Tribal peoples worldwide have introduced various materials into and through the upper and lower lips of both genders to enhance beauty. Unfortunately, one of the effects of human aging is atrophy of facial fat including the lips. In most cultures, this translates as no longer attractive, youthful nor desirable. The procedure to enlarge lips can also reduce the fine lines and wrinkles above the top lip, flaws often referred to as “smoker’s lines.” Around 1900, surgeons tried injecting paraffin into the lips without success.Liquid silicone was used for lip enhancement, starting in the early 1960s but was abandoned thirty years later due to general -- and later, unfounded -- fears about the effects of silicone on general health. About 1980, injectable bovine collagen was introduced to the cosmetic surgery market and became the standard against which other injectable fillers were measured.However, that collagen does not last very long and requires an allergy test, causing the patient to wait at least three weeks before another appointment, after which more waiting is required to see cosmetic results. Currently, fillers containing hyaluronic acid like Restylane and Juvederm have captured the attention of consumers and physicians in Europe, North America, South America and Australia.

pinastro on "Typhoid fever"

pinastro — Tue, 14 Jul 2009 07:53:09 +0000

Nice presentation on Typhoid fever <img src="http://www.dwi.gov.uk/children/childrens/images/illustrations/child_typhoid.gif"> <h2><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/crisbertc/typhoid-fever-presentation" rel="nofollow">http://www.slideshare.net/crisbertc/typhoid-fever-presentation</a></h2>

pinastro on "A nice presentation on stress"

pinastro — Tue, 14 Jul 2009 07:39:38 +0000

<img src="http://www.positive-thinking-for-you.com/images/stress.gif"> <h2><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/dhinman/how-to-live-the-zen-life?src=related_normal&rel=1711904" rel="nofollow">http://www.slideshare.net/dhinman/how-to-live-the-zen-life?src=related_normal&rel=1711904</a></h2>

ranga0007 on "Anantomy For MCQ >>>>Dr-Lokku"

ranga0007 — Tue, 30 Jun 2009 05:45:28 +0000

<h1>Bone Anatomy</h1> Bone composition 1/3 type I collage (organic) 2/3 Type II collagen (inorganic) Total no: of Bones -206 Axial skeleton - 80 A cartilage Has no Blood vessels and nerves Pericordium absent in articular cartilage and fibro cartilage Elastic cartilage : Ear & Epiglottis Gomphosis - Peg and Socket joint (Ball and socket Jt) Type I Fibres : 1)slow twitch fibres /red fibres 2)More myoglobin 3)Do not fatigue 4)Postural muscles 5)Long muscles Type II fibres 1)Fast twitch / white fibres 2)less myoglobin 3)Fatigue easy 4)extra ocular muscles of the eye Unipennate - extensor ditorum longus Bipennate - rectus femoris Multi pennate - Deltoid <h3>A length of 45 cms </h3> 1.Spinal cord 2.Femur 3.Vas Deferens 4.Umblical coed at birth 5.Sartorius 6.Thoracic duct <h3>A length of 25 cm </h3> Esophagus Ureter Duodenum Descending Colon <h3>A length of 10cm</h3> Trachea Fallopian tube <h3>A length of 4 cm </h3> Female urethra Anal canal Optic nerve Inguinal canal Hepatic duct Cystic duct Femoral sheath Auditory tube

pinastro on "Medicine 2.0"

pinastro — Tue, 09 Jun 2009 13:46:17 +0000

I hope this Slideshare PPT helps you to get an idea about what is Medicine 2.0 Medicine from a Technology point of view <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/maxedmond/medicine-20-brief-description" rel="nofollow">http://www.slideshare.net/maxedmond/medicine-20-brief-description</a>

ranga0007 on "Hiatus Hernia"

ranga0007 — Mon, 29 Jun 2009 16:22:35 +0000

This is not a very rare condition and 10% of the normal population have this condition ...............................................But one 1% of hiatal hernia patients have problems ..........

pinastro on "Does Trance Music has any effect on our brains"

pinastro — Sun, 28 Jun 2009 05:54:30 +0000

For the past few weeks I have been addicted to <h2>"Progressive Trance"</h2> music. It helps me to code better at the same time helps me to be immersed in the moment and forget everything. Is it just my illusion or does Trance music really has that effect I am talking about Try listening to Progressive Trance music in this site last.fm

pinastro on "Home Remedies"

pinastro — Sun, 21 Jun 2009 04:57:36 +0000

I just found that people are more interested in home remedies. Why not to start a discussion on home remedies ?

ranga0007 on "Stye"

ranga0007 — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 06:45:28 +0000

<h3>What is a Stye ?</h3> A stye is a painful lump that forms along the edge of the eyelid, caused by bacterial infection in the hair follicle of the lashes. Pus may be seen at the tip of the lump. Warm flannels may be applied to try to draw out the infection. <h3>Causes of stye ?</h3> Styes typically result from a staphylococcal bacteria infection or from a clogging of the oil glands around the eyelashes or inside the eyelid, but can be triggered during times of stress. They are usually harmless, despite their appearance – causing redness, tenderness, pain and sometimes light-sensitivity and eye-watering. <h3>Signs and Symptoms ?</h3> Redness, tenderness and pain are usually the first symptoms of a stye (though eyelash styes are less painful and heal with less effort than eyelid styes). The redness of the eyelid is followed by pus. After the pus is out, the patient is relieved. <h3>Treatment ?</h3> Applying an antibiotic ointment (available from a doctor) will make the stye disappear more quickly.Some styes rupture, drain and heal without treatment. <h3>Home remedies ?</h3> at the home remedies section regards DR-Lokku

Anonymous on "Tips for Practice"

Anonymous — Thu, 01 Jan 1970 06:59:59 +0000

pinastro on "Nice video about William Harvey"

pinastro — Wed, 24 Jun 2009 05:28:08 +0000

Heart 'one of the compilers' of our lives.See more on this <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4zfpzwfEt0&feature=related" rel="nofollow">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4zfpzwfEt0&feature=related</a>

Anonymous on "Tips for Practice"

Anonymous — Thu, 01 Jan 1970 06:59:59 +0000

pinastro on "Heart Attack - What you should know about it"

pinastro — Wed, 24 Jun 2009 05:08:25 +0000

Found this amazing video <a href="http://www.vimeo.com/2055316" rel="nofollow">http://www.vimeo.com/2055316</a>

Dr shachi on "Very Low Blood Pressure-not a RISK for heart attack????"

Dr shachi — Tue, 02 Jun 2009 13:21:16 +0000

very low blood pressure can lead to increased risk for cardio-vascular events. Data from the Treating to New Targets (TNT) trial show that low blood pressure levels may lead to increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke. The relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and major cardiovascular events followed a J-curve with increased event rates above and below reference BP ranges (SBP130-140 mm Hg and DBP 70-80 mm Hg). Study authors concluded that among a high-risk population with CAD enrolled in the TNT trial, despite substantial lowering of LDL-cholesterol, a J-curve relationship existed between both systolic and diastolic BP and the risk of future cardiovascular events, suggesting that low BP levels may be harmful. "Our findings negate the dictum that with blood pressure, lower is always better," said study co-author Franz Messerli, M.D., director, Hypertension Program at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY. so even with very low BP we are still at higher risk for cardiovascular events.this is a part of article that i read in a journal few days back.

Anonymous on "Tips for Practice"

Anonymous — Thu, 01 Jan 1970 06:59:59 +0000

vaishnavi on "<<...ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION....>>"

vaishnavi — Mon, 22 Jun 2009 15:58:23 +0000

I KNOW ABT HEART,KIDNEYS,EYES TRANSPLANTATON.........IS THR ANY OTHER ORGAN THT CAN BE TRANSPLANTED?????????

ranga0007 on "Aspartame Vs MS (Multiple Sclerosis )"

ranga0007 — Sat, 20 Jun 2009 06:14:37 +0000

There is a clear evidence of relation between aspartame toxicity with Multiple Sclerosis and i think the most valid step of avoiding aspartame should be its clear evidence of Toxicity causing MS like Syndromes and therefore confusing the physician to make forward a appropriate Diagnosis.I as such , feel that its more dangerous than MS because its like a carcinogen and acts like cancer , But the only big advantage is that its is not irreversible unless and until it has reached a very bad stage .. the link for the ppt is given below<li><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/ranga0007/" rel="nofollow">http://www.slideshare.net/ranga0007/</a></li> regards Dr-Lokku

DR.PRAVEEN on "what is hydronephrosis?"

DR.PRAVEEN — Sun, 14 Jun 2009 07:27:37 +0000

hi people i have doubt, wht is hydronephrosis? whether it will cause depletion or excess in erythropoetin? please clarify...

ranga0007 on "Precocious Puberty"

ranga0007 — Wed, 17 Jun 2009 03:35:26 +0000

Its a very Vague condition .....Its like puberty in men less than 11 years and women less than 9 years ....... Its mostly a unknown cause and may be not always a unknown cause pituitary problem and more to say .....

admin on "Flirting - Medical Benefits"

admin — Wed, 20 May 2009 19:28:05 +0000

I have noticed that we seem to be working better when we flirt with the opposite sex.Is there any medical explanation for this? Does Flirting really boosts our performance in work and life ?

pinastro on "Tips for Practice"

pinastro — Sat, 06 Jun 2009 11:22:27 +0000

PRACTICE TIPS<h2> I am not a Doctor myself , but I think this discussion forum could also be used for giving and learning some tips for practice. Practicing doctors , you can ask your doubts about practice or even give some tips about your practice experience. Thanks</h2>